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Ladys Bladder & Pee Holding Desperation.
The Need for Women to Pee in the 18th Century & No Toilets!
Women's Toilet Desperation - Holding on Through the Ages Pt 1 . . .
The Beginnings
Primitive civilisations had no problems, naked or semi-naked, they could pee
wherever and whenever the need arose. Only when towns were built and large public assemblies occurred did people have
to control their needs. Little
evidence remains as to what actually went on, but the ruins that have survived
show little or no evidence of toilet facilities. Crowds that gathered for religious festivals in ancient Egypt probably
had no formal facilities and those in the centre had either to contain their pee
or go in their clothes. The general
standards of hygiene were low enough that the smell would not to be noticeable
once the wet garments had dried. Similar situations occurred in Greek and Roman times, though the Romans
built sewers, public bathhouses and probably other facilities in buildings like
the Coliseum.
However, it
is Roman times where I found the first record of desperation. Courtiers and attendants were forbidden
to leave the presence of the Emperor, or other important person, until dismissed
and would never dare ask permission, regardless of the reason.
Claudius,
one of the more benevolent Emperors, made a decree that allowed Senators to
leave court briefly 'for natural purposes' after he discovered that one had made
himself ill with his efforts to contain his piss in court. Ladies attending the Emperor's wife
would have had similar restraints and therefore suffered similarly, though their
problems do not seem to have been documented.
Such store
was placed on maintaining appearances, following the correct behaviour, showing
respect and the like that it is quite possible that any mention of bodily needs
in front of a superior would have been considered an insult and been
unthinkable. So it is probable that
Claudius' senator was not the only person who had to restrain his pee to the
point of injuring himself.
Following
the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Dark Ages would have been a bleak time for
desperation fans. Streets and rivers were used as sewers, sanitation was
non-existent and most people hardly washed, so peeing (and shitting) in the
streets would have been normal for all classes. Of course there must have been
situations when some restrain was needed. The boating scene in the film 'Elizabeth 1' comes to mind. After the young Queen had drunk several
glasses of wine, being surrounded by water would have been the worst thing for
her bladder. Did she suffer agonies
of desperation, or when the discomfort became too great, did she let her
numerous under-skirts absorb her pee? Since it is reported that Elizabeth bathed as 'often' as twice a year, the smell
of pee would not have been noticed. Would her suitor have had to suffer similar desperation, or was it permissible
for him to pee over the side of the boat?
Was peeing,
or rather, *not* peeing, used as a form of torture in medieval times? It does not seem clear if the reason or
mechanism of peeing was really understood then, but there must have been some
association made between liquid intake and pee output and since the discomfort
of refraining from peeing had to be known, this might have been one of the water
tortures often mentioned. I have
seen it mentioned that even today a crude method of torture is to bind cord
round a man's penis and then force him to drink endless water until the pain
becomes unbearable. Such a cheap
and easy way of inflicting pain could well have been in use for centuries. What would have been the result of this
torture? If the binding were tight
enough, loss of circulation in his penis would have caused gangrene and if no
urine could be expelled, then eventually his bladder would have ruptured,
causing an agonising death.
As an aside,
castration, when both the penis and testicles were removed, required the victim
to refrain from urinating for some days after the operation while the wound
healed. It was not uncommon for
scar tissue to block the urethra and if this could not be removed, then the
victim, unable to pee, would die of a ruptured bladder. Wooden pegs and the like were inserted
in the urethra tube immediately after castration in the hope of both preventing
inadvertent urination and to prevent the tube closing later.
2. 18th and 19th Centuries.
The French
court of the 18th C was populated by both sexes and both seem to have
suffered from the calls of nature. It is recorded that the ladies used a specially shaped chamber pot,
fore-runner of the hospital bottle used today, which they could slide under
their full skirts while seated and ease themselves.
After use, it would have been discretely removed by a maid. One must assume that to use such a
device they would have been very desperate, unable to contain themselves until
they were dismissed. (Would any
lady reader like to experiment to see how easy it is to use such a device
without either being seen or heard doing so?) It is not recorded what the men did. Their tight trousers would have made peeing difficult anyway and I imagine that
there must have been cases of extreme desperation, particularly considering the
amount they drank.
3. The Golden Age?
I have made
a study of the 19th C, mainly because of the opportunities for
desperation that it seems to offer. There were no public lavatories in London (I can't speak for other
cities) until late in the century and none at all for ladies until the after
1900. The opening of the first
public lavatory for men in London, near the Stock Exchange, was celebrated by
the publication of crude doggerel poems describing the relief to be obtained in
the new building, which suggests that there had been a desperate need for such
facilities.
Before that,
the lower classes would go openly in the street, or even in their clothes, but
the upper classes had no choice but to wait. Gentlemen on their own probably used
secluded alley-ways and entrances to ease their bursting bladders, but when in
mixed company such behaviour would have been unthinkable. Ladies had no choice but to wait. Underwear was layers of underskirts, no
drawers or knickers, which did not come into use until about 1880, so the
unavoidable release of a trickle of pee down their legs while standing or
walking might have gone un-noticed. A medical book of the period notes that a case of diabetes had been identified
by the sticky, sugar deposits on the lady's stockings and boots where her urine
had dried. The diabetes had made
her want to pee more often than usual and the unfortunate lady had been unable
to contain herself, with no option but to go down her legs.
While a lady
might be able to relieve herself discretely in this manner, her upbringing would
have prevented her from doing so if it was physically possible, as the shame of
committing such a disgraceful act in public would have been unbearable. Sitting, a lady could have crossed her legs, or even sat on her heel, which
would have been hidden by her long skirts.
The real
struggle came when they had to stand up, putting extra strain on their bladder
and socially forbidden to plait their legs, twist round in circles, show any
sign at all of their need. If a
lady lost control it might not have been noticed, but for a gentleman,
particularly when tight breeches were the fashion, the slightest loss of control
or leakage would have been clearly revealed. As such an indiscretion was inconceivable and would have made them a social
outcast, gentlemen would go to almost any lengths to avoid it.
This was an age when a type of male 'chastity belt' was used
to prevent young men masturbating, so the use of mechanical devices to contain
their urine should come as no surprise. It would seem that anything that would stop a man masturbating would also
make it difficult, (if not impossible) to pee and I have seen no explanation of
behaviour when wearing such a device. Men might bind their penis tightly with
strips of cloth or leather, or resort to special clamps, willing to suffer
anything as long as they did not disgrace themselves in public.
It also
seems to have been quite common for men to suffer from bladder stones, which
caused great pain when peeing. A
medical book tells that afflicted men would not pee 'until the sheer bursting
pressure in their bladder becomes unbearable and urination can no longer be
avoided.' The pain when urinating
was so great that they would undergo operations without anaesthetic to remove
the stones, so they would really have held on to the very limit.
Maybe ladies
also resorted to artificial aids to help contain their pee. The expression 'attempted to seal her
outlet, so no leakage could occur, however great the pressure,' could have
referred to pressing her fingers against her pee-hole, or to something more
drastic, though it is difficult to imagine what.
Whatever, there is no doubt that they would have fought to
hold their pee with every ounce of their strength. The terms 'stomach pains' or 'being in pain' was frequently used as a
euphemism for needing to pee, which gives an indication of the level of
desperation experienced.
Later, when
fashions changed and trousers were looser, gentlemen would fix a pig's bladder
to the inside of their thigh, which would contain their leaks in an emergency. Rubber bags, with specially shaped inlets, strapped between their legs, were
also used by both sexes 'when travelling or at other inconvenient times.' How effective these were was not recorded, though claims that 'a patented
non-return valve ensures that no leakage is possible' suggests that not all were
watertight. Once again, it was
probable that these devices were only used when it became impossible to contain
their pee another second, and they were better than simply releasing in their
clothes. Imagine the embarrassment
of walking along a quiet street and your companions hearing your pee slopping
about in your secret container.
3. 19th Century Travel.
As travel by
public stage coach became more popular, the number of people exposed to long
journeys with no opportunities for relief increased.
Coach operators would warn passengers 'to make every
preparation to ensure their comfort throughout the journey' and rely on the Inns
at the stopping places to provide facilities for the passengers. In bad weather the journey times would
have increased and no extra provision was made for the passengers. Journey times of over four hours without
a stop were common, which, particularly in the morning, must have taken some
passengers to the limit of their capacity, or even beyond it. Complaints that this resulted in some
passengers being in such pain that they were hardly able to walk unaided at the
end of the stage were ignored because there was no alternative means of
travelling. It is also mentioned
that the coaches frequently needed cleaning after these long stages and this did
not refer to simply sweeping out the dust. The shame of a passenger, male or female, who was unable to contain their
pee another second must have been terrible.
Probably they would have sat still and tried not to reveal
what was happening, hoping that their clothes would absorb the leaks, never
giving up, but continuing to fight the need until the end of the journey. 'Being in pain' would have been a true
description of their condition.
Early
railway carriages, all single compartments, no corridors, had no toilet
facilities at all. Since their
rivals, the coach companies, had been able to flourish while making their
passengers wait on long journeys, the railways would have expected to do the
same. Their responsibilities would have been
fulfilled by providing toilet facilities on their stations and passengers were
expected to hold out until the end of their journey or some intermediate stop
allowed them to use the station facilities. I had not heard about the Swindon
stop described in the Dec 2000 Cascade.
For either
sex to make such a blatant display of urination, their needs must have been very
great, with no possibility of enduring the remainder of the journey.
As
competition between the railway companies increased and fast services became
important, the intermediate stops like Swindon would have been cut out. Railway companies were notorious for
ignoring their passengers' needs in the pursuit of the fastest journey, to the
extent that intermediate towns such as Swindon and Chatham had to take them to
court to get trains to stop. This
would have given desperate passenger the chance to pee - a welcome relief on a
long journey.
Rival
companies sharing the same track would deliberately block each other's trains. A London to Brighton train was once delayed, stuck between stations for more
that 8 hours which must have caused the passengers unendurable levels of
desperation.
Later,
perhaps because the introduction of upholstered seats was making it inconvenient
or expensive to clean the trains after these journeys, lavatory compartments
were introduced, together with 'Ladies Only' compartments, but still no
connecting corridors. Passengers needing to pee had to change compartments at a stop and again,
such a blatant display would have only happened because of desperate need. Many ladies would have been most unhappy at any gentleman, particularly a
stranger, seeing them enter the lavatory and might have preferred to suffer the
agonies of a bursting bladder in the relative privacy of the 'Ladies Only'
compartment. A joke of the time refers to the
embarrassment of a lady traveller who had peed on the floor of the 'Ladies Only'
compartment and then had to explain the puddle to the ticket collector.
We can only
imagine the feeling of a refined, demure lady, in a train or carriage with
strangers, whose need to pee is becoming more and more desperate as she fights
to control herself without revealing her need, until eventually her body can
hold no more and she begins to pee where she sits, first soaking her skirts,
then the seat cushion and finally making an embarrassingly obvious puddle on the
floor. She would have willingly
tried anything that might have avoided such a disgrace.
As mentioned
earlier, containers - special containers that were rubber bags with shaped
inlets, were strapped between the legs, to allow the wearer to pee at any time. These were advertised as suitable for both sexes for use when travelling, with
claims that no leakage was possible. How effective these were was not recorded, but they show that travellers had no
other way of relieving themselves. Made of rubber they would have been prone to perish and split in use with
embarrassing results and would only have been used in emergencies and when
nothing better was available. To say nothing of the discomfort of
ending a long journey with a bagful of pee tied between the legs and praying
that it will neither split or the noise of the pee 'sloshing about' will be
heard and identified.
Travelling rugs over their legs might have been used by both sexes to cover
their struggles to wait and their failures to do so, as well as to keep warm,
though the strict conditioning that it was dirty to touch themselves 'down
there' would have inhibited them from holding themselves unless there was no
other way of avoiding a worse disgrace by wetting themselves.
When it was
necessary to travel, one can imagine the distress of any person with a smaller
than normal bladder, who might be only to aware of the desperation and disgrace
that such a long journey might bring and it is not surprising that gentlemen
would resort to penis clamps to hold back their pee and prevent any indiscrete
leakage and ladies would look for any way that they could to 'seal their
outlets' to prevent any indiscrete happening. The 'stomach pain ' from using such a device would have been suffered in
silence as punishment for their weakness in not being able to conform to the
social standards of the day. Gentlemen would have been ashamed to admit that they could not control their
natural needs and ladies would have suffered in silence, knowing that they were
the weaker sex and that this was why they could not 'hold their waters.' Should we be surprised that ladies
were so prone to 'fainting' or were considered to be 'too delicate to travel'
when a journey might result in the agony of a bladder stretched to bursting
point and even beyond. From what I
have read of the social standards of the time I believe that ladies and even
gentlemen would have done anything and everything they could to hold their pee
rather than admit in public that they could not wait any longer.
Only the lower classes would have relieved them selves in
public or admitted to such needs and it was a mark of the upper classes that no
such need would ever be expressed in public.
It has been
noted that 'while evidence of the need for urination was visible in every
alley-way, or secluded doorway and on most streets, the upper classes had to
live in complete denial that such an act ever took place.' Think about this next time you see a
period drama on TV; those elegant ladies would have been concealing bursting
bladders under those long dresses and many would have had wet legs and stocking
from their inability to hold back their desperate needs.
This is probably when the tube inside the trouser leg, used
by football fans to pee on crowded terraces, was first used by gentlemen whose
need to pee was too great to contain and had no other way of releasing their pee
in public. Streets were normally
filthy and wet with horse manure and a stream of pee running over their boot
would have been far better than a stream of pee down their trouser leg.
I can only
emphasise that the social conventions of the day made any reference or mention
of peeing or similar subjects absolutely taboo among the upper classes and any
journey or social activity such as attending church would have been likely to
have meant being deprived of any chance to pee until they could return to their
own home. As a lady or gentleman it
was unthinkable to ever mention a need to pee or even worse to be seen
performing the act. It would have
been a delightful (to us!) the situation of the person having to wait at any
cost or discomfort. Penis clamps or
other means of applying pressure to his 'manhood' would have been the last
resort of a gentleman who would have been prepared to accept any level of pain
from such a device, so long as he could hold back his pee and keep his trousers
dry. Circulation of the blood was not
understood then, so the danger of such a device would not have been appreciated. Those who did not own a clamp might have
resorted to a strip of leather or cloth bound round their penis. In fact anything that would help them
wait and avoid the public disgrace of having to admit to a need to pee. Ladies in equally difficult situations
might have resorted to ways of blocking their pee outlet, either by something
that would apply pressure between their legs, or plugging their vaginal outlet. Ladies skirts at the time often had
large side pockets which would allow a lady to reach in and press her hand
between her legs in the time honoured way of holding back her pee. Remember that
while she might be able to pee down her leg under her skirt, she would have
thought that such an act was disgraceful and something that she should do
everything to avoid. After all, a
lady could pee under her skirt in the same way today but how many hold on in
absolute desperation until they can find somewhere 'proper' to pee
Even when
there were toilet facilities, many ladies would have been terribly embarrassed
to be seen entering one, particularly by men. This was the reason why the
'Ladies Waiting Room' was introduced on many stations, serving as an anteroom to
the Ladies Toilet, which ladies could then enter and leave in relative privacy. Another popular medical book refers to the sufferings of ladies even at home,
where the only privy was in the garden, refusing to use it because they could be
seen from the drawing room windows as they walked to it. The installation of an indoor water closet is suggested, but with the warning
that unless precautions are taken to ensure the sewerage is properly disposed
of, it will become a worse health hazard. When ladies were so sensitive to anything associated with toilets or other
necessary bodily functions, they must have regularly suffered bladders stretched
to bursting point, even on the rare occasions when toilet facilities were
available.
4. Leisure Activities.
During the
19th Century, the upper classes, particularly those living in towns,
had a great deal of leisure time, but it seems likely that many of their
activities would have been pursued while desperate to pee. I have not been able to see any detailed
plans of theatres, concert halls, or similar places, but I would imagine that
toilet facilities would have been non-existent for the audience, while
performers would have been expected to use buckets in the dressing rooms. Gentlemen might have been able to bribe
a doorman to allow them outside a back entrance to pee against the wall, but
ladies would not have been able to do this. Presumably those that could not wait would either pee down their legs
onto the carpet during the intervals, or wet the seat and hope it was not
noticed. Would those in private
boxes have had the special chamber pots that they could use under their skirts? Possible and then some attendant would
have been paid to discretely remove it?
Balls and
other large formal parties probably did not have any provision for guests to pee
either, despite the quantities of wine and champagne they would drink. I believe that the repeated references
to guests going outside onto the terrace or into the garden to get some fresh
air, probably also allowed them to empty their bursting bladders. Again ladies would have had to pee
standing under their skirts, while gentlemen would have needed an excuse to move
into the shadows, or behind some bushes. Remember, the rigid conventions of the time forbade any mention of such
needs to their partner.
Is it
possible that the bustle, elaborate folds of cloth at the back of a ladies
skirt, which was fashionable at the time, served the more practical purpose of
hiding any wet patches when a lady had 'been indiscreet.' Her thick flannel underskirts, worn
under the more elaborate and decorative petticoats, would have served the same
purpose.
It is even
less likely that the public parks and pleasure gardens would have had any
facilities. Walking here, it would
have been possible for ladies to pee under their skirts, but gentlemen would
have had to hold out until they could find some excuse to retreat behind a tree
or bush.
It is
definitely recorded that the popular spas at Bath, Cheltenham, Tunbridge Wells
and others did not offer their patrons any 'private facilities,' that is
toilets. As the normal spa treatments included drinking copious quantities of the
water, this must have caused unbelievable levels of desperation among the
visitors. They would have to wait
throughout the course of treatment they had started, perhaps not aware of what
it entailed until it was too late to back out. They had no option but to contain themselves until they were finished and
could return to their lodgings or hotel. Horse cab and sedan chair drivers working at these spas were rumoured to
take full advantage of this, raising their fares according to how they perceived
the urgency of the journey. My imagination dwells on the fate of a lady with less capacity than
average, in a party taking the waters, being forced by conventions to remain
with the groups even though her bladder was at bursting point and she was
beginning to disgrace herself.
Even normal activities like
shopping were not always easy. In the late 19th C, one lady, living in the outer suburbs of
London, records in her private diary that she was never able to go shopping in
Central London because there were absolutely no facilities for ladies to relieve
themselves. Another lady, from
Camden, also remarks in a letter to her sister that she and her daughter could
only make brief shopping trips to Oxford Street, before the call of nature
forced them to hurry home.
It is, of course, quite possible that the number of
semi-invalids, persons of delicate disposition and the like, who hardly ventured
outside their own houses, were, in part, people with small bladders, who so
feared disgracing themselves that they avoided any risk of it happening. Older men with prostrate trouble is one group that comes to mind, who
must have suffered terribly when away from home.
Cystitis and other urinary tract ailments would have been
just as prevalent as today and more persistent without the modern drugs to cure
them. It has been suggested that
the frequent fainting and dizziness attacks that ladies suffered at that time
were caused by extreme bladder pressure, when the lady was beginning to lose
control and had to find some way of leaving her group. Helped to some private room to rest, her maid would administer smelling
salts and a chamber pot and she would recover rapidly.'
Most people went to church or
chapel in those days and sermons were expected to last two or three hours or
more, not the 15 minutes of today.
Sitting for three or four hours in a cold church would have
been another desperate situation. I
have seen a reference, which I can no longer find, about iron railings being
built round a church to prevent men peeing against the walls. When the service finished the men of the
congregation, beside themselves with desperation, would rush behind the church
to relieve themselves facing the building. The soft sandstone walls were being
eroded by the streams of pee directed at them. The women, who must have been equally desperate, would have had to wait,
making polite conversation with the vicar and curates, maybe pee trickling down
their legs, until their men had finished and could escort them home.'
So
how did these people survive having to wait far longer that we do now? Training is one answer. Cascade contributors have described how, as
adults, they have increased their bladder capacity by repeatedly holding
on until bursting point. Earlier
generations of the upper classes were trained to wait almost from birth. Strict nannies would have toilet trained
their charges and then disciplined them to 'wait' until they were
allowed to go and made them sit still while waiting. School discipline was much stricter, with little regard for the
children's welfare, so again they would have been made to wait until
lessons finished before being allowed to leave the class.
I have heard rumours that certain schools, particularly finishing
school for young ladies, specifically trained the pupils to be able to
hold their pee for as long as possible, presumably by simply not
allowing them access to the toilets.
4. Public
Lavatories.
It
is fairly well known that the first public lavatories were at the Great
Exhibition in 1853 and the history of these shows the attitude of the
age. When the exhibition was being planned an
entrepreneur approached the organising committee with the proposal that
he would install some of the newly invented Water Closets for public use
and charge a small fee for this facility. This was rejected by the committee for the reason that 'the public were
coming to see an exhibition and not go to the lavatory.' However 'common sense' prevailed and three
WC's were installed and he charged the public a penny to use them. This charge was 1/12 of the entrance fee and
probably equates to about 50p (1$, or 1 Euro) today.
Imagine going to Disney-World and being charged this to pee! To the surprise of the organisers these WC's
proved so popular that long queues formed and higher charges were
introduced on those near the entrance to encourage the public to hold on
and use those further inside the exhibition.
Two points to note here; This shows that the public were arriving at the
exhibition desperate to pee and that the need of, particularly the
ladies, must have been so great that they were prepared to be seen
waiting in a line to get into the WC and thus revealing their great need
to pee. It was commented that the popularity of the public lavatories showed that
there was a great unsatisfied need for such facilities and it revealed
the extent of public suffering caused by the lack of such facilities.
Many early public lavatories were built following this exhibition
showing that urban authorities took notice of such a need. The charge of
one penny was established as the penny coin of the day was conveniently
large and heavy enough to activate the cubicle lock and within the means
of most desperate ladies who would prefer to spend the money instead of
peeing down heir legs under a skirt with the resulting misery of wet
stockings and legs, even if their pee could be released without it being
noticed. Many ladies would still
have been too poor to spend this money and others would have been
ashamed to be seen entering a public lavatory and opted to try to hold
out until they could reach the comfort of their own homes.
Desperation Down The
Ages Pt 2
P. Tester <Mail
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